Also known as: Aortic Aneurysm (Abdominal / Thoracic)
An aortic aneurysm is an abnormal bulge or ballooning in the wall of the aorta, the body's largest artery. If it ruptures, it can cause life-threatening internal bleeding.
Aortic aneurysms affect approximately 1–2% of the population, with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) being more common than thoracic. They are often called 'silent killers' because they typically cause no symptoms until they are large or rupture.
The aortic wall weakens over time due to atherosclerosis, high blood pressure, genetic factors, or inflammatory conditions. As the wall weakens, it balloons outward. The risk of rupture increases with the size of the aneurysm.
Screening recommendations include a one-time abdominal ultrasound for men aged 65–75 who have ever smoked. Small aneurysms are monitored with regular imaging; larger ones require surgical repair.
People with Aortic Aneurysm often experience the following symptoms.
Most aneurysms are found incidentally during imaging for other reasons. They cause no symptoms until they enlarge or begin to leak.
Large aneurysms may cause a deep, constant, or throbbing pain in the abdomen, back, or chest depending on location.
Large thoracic aneurysms may compress nearby structures causing hoarseness, difficulty swallowing, or shortness of breath.
Sudden, tearing pain in the abdomen or back, rapid pulse, dizziness, nausea, and cold, clammy skin indicate a surgical emergency.
Certain factors may increase your likelihood of developing Aortic Aneurysm.
Common approaches to managing aortic aneurysm. Always consult a healthcare provider for personalized treatment.
Small aneurysms (below 5.5 cm for AAA) are monitored with regular ultrasound or CT scans every 6–12 months.
Smoking cessation, blood pressure control, and statin therapy slow aneurysm growth and reduce cardiovascular risk.
A minimally invasive procedure where a stent-graft is placed through the femoral arteries to reinforce the weakened aortic wall.
The aneurysm is replaced with a synthetic graft through open surgery. Used when anatomy is unsuitable for endovascular repair.
Abdominal ultrasound is the primary screening tool. CT angiography provides detailed sizing and anatomy for surgical planning. Echocardiography or MRI may be used for thoracic aneurysms. Incidental discovery during imaging for other conditions is common.
Call emergency services immediately if you experience sudden, severe abdominal or back pain, dizziness, or a feeling of impending doom. A rupturing aortic aneurysm is a life-threatening emergency.
Steps that may help reduce the risk of developing or worsening aortic aneurysm.
Stop smoking (single most important modifiable risk factor)
Control blood pressure
Attend recommended screening (men 65–75 who have smoked)
Manage cholesterol levels
If left untreated or poorly managed, aortic aneurysm may lead to:
The risk depends on size. Aneurysms under 5 cm have a low annual rupture risk (less than 1%). The risk increases significantly above 5.5 cm. This is why regular monitoring of known aneurysms is critical.
Major guidelines recommend a one-time abdominal ultrasound screening for men aged 65–75 who have ever smoked. Some guidelines also recommend screening for men over 60 with a family history.
Lifestyle changes cannot shrink an existing aneurysm, but smoking cessation and blood pressure control can significantly slow its growth and reduce rupture risk.
This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.