Also known as: Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
DVT is a blood clot that forms in a deep vein, usually in the legs. It can cause leg pain and swelling, and if the clot breaks free, it can travel to the lungs causing a life-threatening pulmonary embolism.
DVT affects approximately 1-2 per 1,000 people annually, with incidence increasing with age. It is a leading cause of preventable hospital death through its complication, pulmonary embolism.
Virchow's triad describes the three factors that promote clot formation: blood stasis (immobility), endothelial injury (vessel damage), and hypercoagulability (clotting tendency).
Early diagnosis and treatment with anticoagulation prevent clot extension and pulmonary embolism. Most patients are treated as outpatients with direct oral anticoagulants.
People with Deep Vein Thrombosis often experience the following symptoms.
Asymmetric swelling of one leg, typically calf or thigh, is the most characteristic sign.
Dull ache or cramping in the calf, worsening with walking or standing.
Warmth, redness, and sometimes a bluish discolouration over the affected area.
Up to 50% of DVTs may be asymptomatic, particularly in hospitalised patients.
Certain factors may increase your likelihood of developing Deep Vein Thrombosis.
Common approaches to managing deep vein thrombosis. Always consult a healthcare provider for personalized treatment.
DOACs (rivaroxaban, apixaban) are first-line. Treatment typically lasts 3-6 months, sometimes longer for recurrence risk.
Graduated compression reduces swelling and may prevent post-thrombotic syndrome.
Clot-dissolving medication for massive DVT threatening limb viability (phlegmasia cerulea dolens).
A filter placed in the inferior vena cava to catch clots, used when anticoagulation is contraindicated.
Duplex ultrasound is the primary diagnostic tool with 95% sensitivity for proximal DVT. D-dimer blood test to exclude DVT in low-probability patients. CT venography if ultrasound is inconclusive.
Seek emergency care immediately for sudden leg swelling with pain, or if you develop sudden shortness of breath, chest pain, or cough up blood — signs of pulmonary embolism.
Steps that may help reduce the risk of developing or worsening deep vein thrombosis.
Move regularly during long travel
Early mobilisation after surgery
Compression stockings for high-risk patients
Prophylactic anticoagulation in hospital
If left untreated or poorly managed, deep vein thrombosis may lead to:
Yes. Walk regularly, stay hydrated, avoid alcohol, do ankle exercises, and consider compression stockings for high-risk travellers.
Very. Untreated DVT can lead to pulmonary embolism. Prompt treatment with blood thinners is essential.
Typically 3-6 months for a first provoked DVT. Longer for unprovoked or recurrent DVT.
This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.