Also known as: Dengue Fever (Break-Bone Fever)
Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection that causes high fever, severe body aches, and in some cases, a potentially life-threatening condition called severe dengue or dengue hemorrhagic fever.
Dengue is one of the fastest-spreading mosquito-borne diseases worldwide, with an estimated 100-400 million infections occurring each year. It is transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes, primarily in tropical and subtropical regions.
The disease is caused by four serotypes of the dengue virus (DENV-1 through DENV-4). Infection with one serotype provides lifelong immunity to that serotype but only temporary cross-protection against others. A second infection with a different serotype may increase the risk of severe dengue due to antibody-dependent enhancement.
Most infections are mild or asymptomatic, but approximately 5% of cases may progress to severe dengue, characterized by plasma leakage, hemorrhage, and organ failure. The critical phase typically occurs 24-48 hours after fever subsides.
A dengue vaccine (Dengvaxia) is available in some countries but is recommended only for individuals with confirmed prior dengue infection due to the risk of severe disease in seronegative recipients.
People with Dengue Fever often experience the following symptoms.
Sudden onset of fever reaching 40°C (104°F), often lasting 2-7 days. The fever may follow a 'saddleback' pattern, dropping and then returning.
Severe pain behind the eyes that worsens with eye movement. This is a hallmark symptom that helps distinguish dengue from other febrile illnesses.
Intense muscle and joint pain, historically earning dengue the name 'break-bone fever.' Pain may persist for weeks after acute illness resolves.
A flat or slightly raised red rash that typically appears 3-4 days after fever onset, often starting on the trunk and spreading to the limbs and face.
Certain factors may increase your likelihood of developing Dengue Fever.
Common approaches to managing dengue fever. Always consult a healthcare provider for personalized treatment.
No specific antiviral treatment exists. Management focuses on adequate hydration, rest, and monitoring for warning signs of severe dengue.
Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is recommended for fever and pain. Aspirin and NSAIDs should be avoided due to increased bleeding risk.
For severe dengue with plasma leakage, carefully titrated IV fluids are critical to maintain circulation without causing fluid overload.
May be required in severe cases with significant hemorrhage or dangerously low platelet counts, though platelet transfusion thresholds remain debated.
Diagnosis involves NS1 antigen testing (positive in first 5 days), dengue IgM/IgG serology (positive after day 5), and RT-PCR for viral confirmation. Complete blood count showing leukopenia and thrombocytopenia supports the diagnosis.
Seek emergency care if you develop severe abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, bleeding gums or nose, blood in vomit or stool, or extreme fatigue after fever subsides — these may indicate severe dengue.
Steps that may help reduce the risk of developing or worsening dengue fever.
Use mosquito repellent containing DEET or picaridin
Wear long sleeves and pants in endemic areas
Eliminate standing water around homes to reduce breeding sites
Use bed nets and window screens, especially during dawn and dusk
If left untreated or poorly managed, dengue fever may lead to:
Yes. There are four dengue serotypes, and infection with one provides immunity only to that serotype. Subsequent infections with different serotypes may carry a higher risk of severe dengue.
Most people recover within 1-2 weeks. The acute febrile phase lasts 2-7 days, but fatigue and malaise may persist for several weeks afterward.
No. Dengue is not spread directly between people. It requires an Aedes mosquito to bite an infected person and then transmit the virus to another person.
This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.