Also known as: Atrial Fibrillation (AF/AFib)
Atrial fibrillation is the most common heart rhythm disorder, characterised by rapid, irregular beating of the upper heart chambers. It significantly increases the risk of stroke.
Atrial fibrillation affects approximately 33 million people worldwide, with prevalence increasing sharply with age — affecting about 10% of people over 80. It is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia.
In AF, chaotic electrical signals cause the atria to quiver rather than contract effectively. Blood pools in the atria, forming clots that can travel to the brain and cause stroke. AF increases stroke risk five-fold.
Anticoagulation (blood thinning) is the cornerstone of management, reducing stroke risk by 60-70%. Rate or rhythm control addresses symptoms.
People with Atrial Fibrillation often experience the following symptoms.
A noticeable irregular, often rapid heartbeat that may feel like fluttering, pounding, or skipping beats.
Reduced ability to exercise due to inefficient heart filling and inadequate cardiac output.
Persistent tiredness from reduced cardiac efficiency and suboptimal blood flow.
Up to one-third of patients have no symptoms, with AF detected incidentally on ECG or pulse check.
Certain factors may increase your likelihood of developing Atrial Fibrillation.
Common approaches to managing atrial fibrillation. Always consult a healthcare provider for personalized treatment.
DOACs (apixaban, rivaroxaban, dabigatran) or warfarin to prevent stroke. CHA2DS2-VASc score determines who needs it.
Beta-blockers or calcium channel blockers to slow the heart rate and improve symptoms.
Antiarrhythmic drugs or cardioversion to restore and maintain normal sinus rhythm.
Minimally invasive procedure destroying the tissue causing abnormal electrical signals, often curative.
ECG showing irregularly irregular rhythm without P waves. Holter monitor for paroxysmal AF. Echocardiogram to assess heart structure. Blood tests for thyroid function.
Seek emergency care if you experience rapid, irregular heartbeat with chest pain, fainting, severe breathlessness, or signs of stroke (face drooping, arm weakness, speech difficulty).
Steps that may help reduce the risk of developing or worsening atrial fibrillation.
Control blood pressure
Maintain healthy weight
Limit alcohol
Treat sleep apnoea
If left untreated or poorly managed, atrial fibrillation may lead to:
Catheter ablation can cure AF in many patients. Others manage it effectively with medications.
Most AF patients with risk factors need anticoagulation. Your doctor uses the CHA2DS2-VASc score to decide.
Yes. Moderate regular exercise is recommended. Discuss intensity with your cardiologist.
This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.