Also known as: Hashimoto's Thyroiditis (Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis)
Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks the thyroid gland, gradually destroying it and leading to hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid).
Hashimoto's thyroiditis is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in iodine-sufficient countries, affecting 5-15% of the population. It has a strong female predominance.
Autoimmune destruction of thyroid tissue is gradual, often taking years to progress from normal thyroid function through subclinical to overt hypothyroidism. Elevated TPO antibodies may be present years before thyroid function declines.
Once hypothyroidism develops, treatment with levothyroxine replacement is highly effective and generally lifelong.
People with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis often experience the following symptoms.
Gradually worsening tiredness and sluggishness as thyroid hormone levels decline.
Modest weight gain (5-10 kg) from decreased metabolic rate, often resistant to diet and exercise.
Thyroid enlargement from lymphocytic infiltration, painless and firm.
Brain fog, difficulty concentrating, and memory problems from reduced thyroid hormone.
Certain factors may increase your likelihood of developing Hashimoto's Thyroiditis.
Common approaches to managing hashimoto's thyroiditis. Always consult a healthcare provider for personalized treatment.
Synthetic T4 replacement. Taken daily on an empty stomach. Dose adjusted based on TSH levels.
TSH checked 6-8 weeks after dose changes, then annually once stable.
Some evidence that selenium reduces TPO antibody levels, though clinical benefit is modest.
Subclinical hypothyroidism (elevated TSH, normal T4) may be monitored without treatment if TSH is under 10.
Elevated TSH with low Free T4 confirms hypothyroidism. Positive TPO antibodies confirm autoimmune cause. Thyroid ultrasound shows characteristic heterogeneous texture.
See a doctor if you experience persistent fatigue, unexplained weight gain, cold intolerance, constipation, or dry skin — these may indicate thyroid dysfunction.
Steps that may help reduce the risk of developing or worsening hashimoto's thyroiditis.
No proven prevention
Regular thyroid screening with risk factors
Maintain adequate iodine and selenium intake
Monitor thyroid function in other autoimmune conditions
If left untreated or poorly managed, hashimoto's thyroiditis may lead to:
Hashimoto's is the most common CAUSE of hypothyroidism, but not all hypothyroidism is from Hashimoto's.
The autoimmune process cannot currently be reversed, but thyroid function is effectively replaced with levothyroxine.
Only if you also have coeliac disease. There is no strong evidence that gluten-free diet benefits Hashimoto's alone.
This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.