Also known as: Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD/MASLD)
NAFLD is the accumulation of excess fat in the liver in people who drink little or no alcohol. It ranges from simple steatosis to inflammation (NASH), which can progress to cirrhosis.
NAFLD is now the most common liver disease globally, affecting approximately 25-30% of adults. It is closely linked to obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome.
The spectrum ranges from simple steatosis (fat accumulation, relatively benign) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH, with inflammation and liver cell damage), which can progress to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer.
Weight loss of 7-10% is the most effective treatment, improving liver histology in most patients. Resmetirom was recently approved as the first medication specifically for NASH.
People with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease often experience the following symptoms.
Most patients have no symptoms. NAFLD is often discovered incidentally through blood tests or imaging.
Unexplained fatigue is the most commonly reported symptom in those who are symptomatic.
Enlarged liver that may be felt during physical examination.
Mild elevations of ALT and AST on routine blood work, often the first abnormality detected.
Certain factors may increase your likelihood of developing Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.
Common approaches to managing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Always consult a healthcare provider for personalized treatment.
7-10% body weight loss improves liver histology. The most effective intervention for NAFLD/NASH.
150+ minutes of moderate aerobic exercise weekly reduces liver fat even without significant weight loss.
First FDA-approved medication for NASH with fibrosis, a thyroid hormone receptor agonist.
Semaglutide and liraglutide show benefit for NASH, particularly in patients with co-existing diabetes.
Liver ultrasound showing steatosis, FibroScan for fibrosis staging, blood tests (liver enzymes, FIB-4 score), and liver biopsy for definitive staging.
See a doctor if blood tests show elevated liver enzymes, if you have metabolic risk factors, or if you develop symptoms like persistent fatigue or right-sided abdominal discomfort.
Steps that may help reduce the risk of developing or worsening non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Maintain healthy weight
Regular exercise
Control diabetes and metabolic syndrome
Limit sugar-sweetened beverages and refined carbohydrates
If left untreated or poorly managed, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease may lead to:
Simple steatosis is relatively benign. NASH with fibrosis can progress to cirrhosis and is increasingly the leading indication for liver transplant.
Yes. Simple steatosis and even early NASH can be reversed with weight loss and lifestyle changes.
Usually not. Most people are unaware they have it until detected through blood tests or imaging.
This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.