Also known as: Herpes Zoster
Shingles is a painful rash caused by reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (the same virus that causes chickenpox). It typically appears as a band of blisters on one side of the body.
Approximately 1 in 3 people will develop shingles in their lifetime. Risk increases significantly with age and immune suppression. About 1 million cases occur annually in the United States.
After primary chickenpox infection, the varicella-zoster virus lies dormant in nerve ganglia. When immunity wanes (with age or immunosuppression), the virus reactivates and travels along the nerve to the skin.
Antiviral treatment within 72 hours of rash onset shortens the illness and reduces the risk of postherpetic neuralgia — chronic pain lasting months to years after the rash heals.
People with Shingles often experience the following symptoms.
Burning, tingling, or shooting pain in a dermatomal distribution, often 2-3 days before the rash appears.
Grouped vesicles on an erythematous base, following a single dermatome (nerve distribution), always unilateral.
Severe pain accompanying the rash, often described as burning, stabbing, or electric shock-like.
Shingles affecting the eye (via ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve), potentially causing vision-threatening complications.
Certain factors may increase your likelihood of developing Shingles.
Common approaches to managing shingles. Always consult a healthcare provider for personalized treatment.
Valacyclovir or acyclovir within 72 hours of rash onset. Reduces duration, severity, and postherpetic neuralgia risk.
NSAIDs, gabapentin, or opioids for acute pain. Lidocaine patches for localised relief.
Recombinant vaccine, 97% effective at preventing shingles. Recommended for all adults over 50 (2-dose series).
Gabapentin, pregabalin, tricyclic antidepressants, or capsaicin for chronic post-shingles pain.
Clinical diagnosis based on characteristic dermatomal vesicular rash. PCR testing of vesicle fluid confirms diagnosis if atypical. Direct fluorescent antibody testing as alternative.
See a doctor within 72 hours of rash onset for antiviral treatment. Seek urgent care if shingles affects the eye or ear, or if you are immunocompromised.
Steps that may help reduce the risk of developing or worsening shingles.
Shingrix vaccine (adults 50+, 2 doses)
Also recommended for immunocompromised adults 19+
Maintain overall health and immunity
Early antiviral treatment reduces complications
If left untreated or poorly managed, shingles may lead to:
Yes. About 5-6% of people have recurrent shingles. Vaccination reduces recurrence risk.
You cannot catch shingles from someone. However, the virus can be transmitted to cause chickenpox in someone who has never had it.
All adults over 50, and immunocompromised adults 19+. Shingrix is recommended even if you had the older Zostavax vaccine.
This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.