Also known as: Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)
A stroke occurs when blood supply to part of the brain is interrupted (ischaemic) or when a blood vessel in the brain bursts (haemorrhagic), causing brain cells to die. It is a medical emergency.
Stroke is the second leading cause of death and third leading cause of disability worldwide. Every year, approximately 15 million people suffer a stroke globally.
85% of strokes are ischaemic (clot blocking blood flow) and 15% are haemorrhagic (bleeding into the brain). Treatment differs drastically between types.
For ischaemic stroke, every minute of delay in treatment results in approximately 1.9 million neurons dying. Thrombolysis within 4.5 hours and thrombectomy within 24 hours can dramatically improve outcomes.
People with Stroke often experience the following symptoms.
One side of the face droops or feels numb. Smile appears uneven.
Sudden weakness or numbness in one arm. When both arms are raised, one drifts downward.
Slurred speech, inability to speak, or difficulty understanding language.
The 'worst headache of life' — often a sign of haemorrhagic stroke or subarachnoid haemorrhage.
Certain factors may increase your likelihood of developing Stroke.
Common approaches to managing stroke. Always consult a healthcare provider for personalized treatment.
Clot-dissolving medication administered within 4.5 hours of ischaemic stroke onset. Time-critical.
Catheter-based clot retrieval for large vessel occlusions, effective up to 24 hours in selected patients.
Careful control during and after stroke. Targets differ for ischaemic vs haemorrhagic types.
Intensive physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy starting as early as possible after stroke.
Brain CT scan immediately to distinguish ischaemic from haemorrhagic stroke (guiding treatment). CT or MR angiography to locate vessel occlusion. MRI for detailed brain tissue assessment.
Call emergency services immediately using FAST: Face drooping, Arm weakness, Speech difficulty, Time to call 911. Every minute counts — 'time is brain.'
Steps that may help reduce the risk of developing or worsening stroke.
Control blood pressure (single most important)
Anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation
Stop smoking
Manage diabetes and cholesterol
If left untreated or poorly managed, stroke may lead to:
Up to 80% of strokes are preventable through blood pressure control, treating AF, stopping smoking, and managing diabetes.
Many people make significant recovery, especially with early treatment and rehabilitation. Recovery continues for months to years.
A TIA has the same symptoms as a stroke but resolves within minutes to hours. It is a warning sign of future stroke and requires urgent evaluation.
This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.