Also known as: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that interfere with functioning and development.
ADHD affects approximately 5-7% of children and 2.5-4% of adults worldwide. It is one of the most heritable psychiatric conditions, with 75-80% of variance attributable to genetic factors.
Three presentations exist: predominantly inattentive, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive, and combined. The inattentive type is frequently underdiagnosed, particularly in women and girls.
ADHD is not a deficit of attention per se, but rather a difficulty regulating attention. Many individuals with ADHD can hyperfocus on topics of high interest while struggling with routine tasks.
People with ADHD often experience the following symptoms.
Difficulty sustaining focus, careless mistakes, poor organisation, frequently losing items, and easily distracted.
Fidgeting, inability to stay seated, excessive talking, and feeling restless or 'driven by a motor.'
Interrupting others, difficulty waiting turns, making decisions without considering consequences.
Difficulties with time management, planning, prioritising, and emotional regulation.
Certain factors may increase your likelihood of developing ADHD.
Common approaches to managing adhd. Always consult a healthcare provider for personalized treatment.
Methylphenidate and amphetamines are first-line, effective in 70-80% of patients with rapid onset.
Atomoxetine, guanfacine, and bupropion for those who cannot tolerate stimulants.
CBT adapted for ADHD focusing on organisational skills, time management, and emotional regulation.
Structured routines, reminders, breaking tasks into smaller steps, and reducing distractions.
Clinical evaluation based on DSM-5 criteria: 6+ symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity present before age 12, in 2+ settings, for 6+ months. Rating scales, clinical interview, and collateral information.
Seek evaluation if attention difficulties, impulsivity, or hyperactivity significantly impair work, school, or relationships and have been present since childhood.
Steps that may help reduce the risk of developing or worsening adhd.
No proven prevention
Early identification improves outcomes
Support executive function development
Structured routines and environments
If left untreated or poorly managed, adhd may lead to:
ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder with well-documented neurological, genetic, and functional differences. It is not a character flaw.
Yes. ADHD persists into adulthood in 60-70% of childhood cases. Adult ADHD is underdiagnosed.
Prescribed stimulants at therapeutic doses do not cause addiction. In fact, treated ADHD reduces substance abuse risk compared to untreated ADHD.
This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.