Bursitis is inflammation of the bursae — small, fluid-filled sacs that cushion bones, tendons, and muscles near joints. It commonly affects the shoulder, elbow, hip, and knee.
Bursitis is a common condition that can affect any of the body's approximately 150 bursae. The most frequently affected locations are the shoulder (subacromial), elbow (olecranon), hip (trochanteric), and knee (prepatellar).
Bursae serve as frictionless surfaces that allow smooth movement between bones and soft tissues. When they become inflamed — from repetitive movement, pressure, injury, or infection — they swell with excess fluid and become painful.
Most cases of bursitis resolve with conservative treatment within a few weeks. Septic (infected) bursitis requires prompt medical attention and antibiotics.
People with Bursitis often experience the following symptoms.
Aching or stiffness in the affected joint, often worse with movement or pressure. The pain may gradually build or appear suddenly.
Visible swelling over the bursa, which may feel warm and spongy to the touch. Particularly noticeable at the elbow and knee.
Difficulty moving the affected joint through its full range, particularly with overhead movements (shoulder) or bending (knee).
If the overlying skin is red and warm, this may indicate septic bursitis requiring urgent medical evaluation.
Certain factors may increase your likelihood of developing Bursitis.
Common approaches to managing bursitis. Always consult a healthcare provider for personalized treatment.
Avoiding the aggravating activity and protecting the affected area from further pressure or trauma.
Ice application and oral NSAIDs reduce pain and inflammation during the acute phase.
A doctor may drain excess fluid from the bursa and inject corticosteroids for persistent cases.
Stretching and strengthening exercises help restore function and prevent recurrence after the acute inflammation resolves.
Diagnosis is typically clinical, based on the location of pain and swelling. Aspiration of bursal fluid can distinguish between inflammatory and septic bursitis. Imaging (ultrasound or MRI) may be used to confirm the diagnosis or evaluate for other conditions.
See a doctor if joint pain is disabling, if swelling is excessive or appears suddenly, if the area is red and warm (possible infection), or if you develop a fever.
Steps that may help reduce the risk of developing or worsening bursitis.
Use padding when kneeling
Take breaks from repetitive activities
Strengthen muscles around vulnerable joints
Maintain a healthy weight to reduce hip and knee stress
If left untreated or poorly managed, bursitis may lead to:
Bursitis involves inflammation of the fluid-filled bursa sacs, while tendinitis involves inflammation of the tendons. They often occur together and have similar symptoms and treatments.
Most cases improve within a few weeks with proper treatment. Chronic bursitis may persist for months if the underlying cause is not addressed.
Yes, bursitis often recurs if the aggravating activity continues. Preventive measures like proper padding, ergonomic adjustments, and strengthening exercises can reduce recurrence.
This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.