Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, usually due to abnormally high intraocular pressure. It is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide.
Glaucoma affects approximately 80 million people worldwide and is the leading cause of irreversible blindness. Open-angle glaucoma accounts for 90% of cases.
Open-angle glaucoma is insidious — it destroys peripheral vision gradually with no symptoms until significant damage has occurred. By the time patients notice vision loss, up to 40% of optic nerve fibres may be permanently lost.
Regular eye pressure checks and optic nerve assessment are the only way to detect glaucoma early, making routine eye exams critical, especially after age 40.
People with Glaucoma often experience the following symptoms.
Gradual loss of side vision, often unnoticed until advanced. Sometimes described as 'tunnel vision' in late stages.
Sudden severe eye pain, headache, nausea, blurred vision, and rainbow halos — a medical emergency.
Cupping and pallor of the optic nerve head visible on examination, indicating nerve fibre loss.
Optic nerve damage despite normal intraocular pressure, likely from poor optic nerve blood flow.
Certain factors may increase your likelihood of developing Glaucoma.
Common approaches to managing glaucoma. Always consult a healthcare provider for personalized treatment.
Prostaglandin analogues (latanoprost) are first-line, reducing intraocular pressure by 25-35%.
Selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) as first-line or adjunct to drops. Laser iridotomy for angle-closure.
Trabeculectomy, tube shunt, or MIGS (minimally invasive glaucoma surgery) for uncontrolled disease.
Visual field testing and OCT imaging to detect progression and adjust treatment.
Comprehensive eye exam including intraocular pressure measurement, optic nerve assessment, gonioscopy, visual field testing, and OCT nerve fibre layer analysis.
Seek emergency care for sudden severe eye pain, headache, nausea, blurred vision, and halos around lights — these may indicate acute angle-closure glaucoma. Get regular eye exams for open-angle glaucoma screening.
Steps that may help reduce the risk of developing or worsening glaucoma.
Regular eye exams (every 1-2 years after 40)
Eye drop adherence if prescribed
Protect eyes from injury
Know your family history
If left untreated or poorly managed, glaucoma may lead to:
No. Glaucoma damage is permanent. Treatment prevents further damage but cannot restore lost vision.
Everyone over 40, earlier if high-risk (family history, African descent, high myopia, diabetes).
No. Many people with elevated pressure never develop glaucoma (ocular hypertension), and some develop glaucoma with normal pressure.
This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.