Also known as: Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
AMD is a progressive eye disease that destroys the macula — the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision. It is the leading cause of vision loss in people over 50.
AMD affects approximately 196 million people worldwide and is the leading cause of vision loss in developed countries. Prevalence increases dramatically with age.
Dry AMD (85-90% of cases) involves gradual thinning and atrophy of the macula. Wet AMD (10-15%) involves abnormal blood vessel growth under the retina that leaks fluid and blood, causing rapid vision loss.
Anti-VEGF injections have revolutionised wet AMD treatment, preserving and often improving vision. For dry AMD, the AREDS2 supplement formula can slow progression.
People with Macular Degeneration often experience the following symptoms.
Gradual loss of sharp central vision while peripheral vision remains intact.
Straight lines appearing wavy or distorted — an important early sign of wet AMD.
Dark or blank spots in the centre of vision.
Reading, recognising faces, and driving become increasingly difficult.
Certain factors may increase your likelihood of developing Macular Degeneration.
Common approaches to managing macular degeneration. Always consult a healthcare provider for personalized treatment.
Ranibizumab, aflibercept, and faricimab injected into the eye for wet AMD. Often monthly initially.
Specific vitamin combination (C, E, zinc, lutein, zeaxanthin) that reduces dry AMD progression by 25%.
Light-activated drug injected intravenously destroys abnormal blood vessels in select wet AMD cases.
Magnifiers, special glasses, and assistive technology to maximise remaining vision.
Dilated eye exam, OCT imaging for retinal layers, fluorescein angiography for wet AMD, and Amsler grid for monitoring at home.
See an eye doctor urgently if you notice sudden distortion of straight lines, new dark spots in your vision, or rapid worsening of central vision — this may indicate wet AMD requiring urgent treatment.
Steps that may help reduce the risk of developing or worsening macular degeneration.
Stop smoking
AREDS2 supplements for intermediate dry AMD
Regular eye exams after 50
Healthy diet rich in leafy greens and fish
If left untreated or poorly managed, macular degeneration may lead to:
AMD does not cause total blindness. Peripheral vision is preserved, but central vision loss can be severe.
Currently no. Anti-VEGF treatment for wet AMD can improve vision, but lost cells from dry AMD cannot be restored.
Yes, there is a significant genetic component. Having a first-degree relative with AMD increases your risk.
This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.