Also known as: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Lupus is a chronic autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks healthy tissues, causing inflammation and damage to multiple organ systems including skin, joints, kidneys, and brain.
Lupus affects approximately 5 million people worldwide, with 90% of cases occurring in women of childbearing age. It is a systemic disease that can affect virtually any organ.
The disease follows a relapsing-remitting pattern with periods of flare and remission. Kidney involvement (lupus nephritis) occurs in 50% of patients and is a major cause of morbidity.
Early diagnosis and treatment have significantly improved outcomes. Modern immunosuppressive therapies can achieve disease remission in many patients.
People with Lupus often experience the following symptoms.
A distinctive rash across the cheeks and bridge of the nose, triggered or worsened by sun exposure.
Painful, swollen joints affecting multiple areas, often migratory, without permanent joint destruction in most cases.
Kidney inflammation causing protein or blood in urine, potentially progressing to kidney failure if untreated.
Exaggerated skin reactions to UV light, causing rash flares after sun exposure.
Certain factors may increase your likelihood of developing Lupus.
Common approaches to managing lupus. Always consult a healthcare provider for personalized treatment.
The cornerstone of lupus treatment — reduces flares, organ damage, and mortality. Recommended for all lupus patients.
Used for flare management to rapidly control inflammation, with the goal of minimising long-term use.
Mycophenolate, azathioprine, and cyclophosphamide for severe organ involvement, particularly nephritis.
Belimumab and anifrolumab target specific immune pathways to reduce disease activity.
Based on clinical criteria combining symptoms, lab findings (ANA, anti-dsDNA, complement levels), and organ involvement. No single test is diagnostic.
See a doctor if you develop an unexplained rash, persistent joint pain, fatigue, or fever. Seek urgent care for chest pain, seizures, or changes in urine colour or amount.
Steps that may help reduce the risk of developing or worsening lupus.
Sun protection (sunscreen, protective clothing)
Medication adherence
Stress management
Avoid known triggers
If left untreated or poorly managed, lupus may lead to:
Lupus has a genetic component but is not directly inherited. Family history increases risk but most relatives will not develop it.
Not yet. However, modern treatments can achieve remission and significantly improve quality of life.
Many people with lupus live full, active lives with proper treatment and disease management.
This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.