Also known as: Irritable Bowel Syndrome
IBS is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder characterised by recurrent abdominal pain associated with changes in bowel habits. It has no structural abnormality.
IBS affects approximately 10-15% of the global population, making it one of the most common gastrointestinal diagnoses. It is a disorder of gut-brain interaction, not a structural disease.
Three subtypes exist: IBS-D (diarrhoea predominant), IBS-C (constipation predominant), and IBS-M (mixed). The Rome IV criteria define IBS as recurrent abdominal pain at least 1 day per week for 3 months, related to defecation.
The low FODMAP diet is one of the most effective dietary interventions, with up to 75% of patients experiencing symptom improvement.
People with IBS often experience the following symptoms.
Crampy or aching pain related to bowel movements — typically improving with defecation in IBS-D.
Abdominal distension and gas, often the most bothersome symptom, worst in the evening.
Loose/watery stools (IBS-D), hard/lumpy stools (IBS-C), or alternating between both (IBS-M).
Heightened sensitivity to normal gut sensations, where normal bowel activity is perceived as painful.
Certain factors may increase your likelihood of developing IBS.
Common approaches to managing ibs. Always consult a healthcare provider for personalized treatment.
Structured elimination and reintroduction of fermentable carbohydrates, effective in up to 75% of patients.
Peppermint oil, hyoscine, or mebeverine for cramping and pain.
CBT and gut-directed hypnotherapy have strong evidence for IBS symptom improvement.
Eluxadoline or rifaximin for IBS-D, linaclotide or lubiprostone for IBS-C, and neuromodulators for pain.
Clinical diagnosis using Rome IV criteria after excluding alarm features (blood in stool, weight loss, anaemia, onset after 50). Blood tests and faecal calprotectin to exclude IBD and coeliac disease.
See a doctor if symptoms begin after age 50, you have blood in stools, unexplained weight loss, anaemia, or a family history of colorectal cancer or IBD.
Steps that may help reduce the risk of developing or worsening ibs.
Regular meals and balanced diet
Stress management
Regular exercise
Limit caffeine and alcohol
If left untreated or poorly managed, ibs may lead to:
IBS does not cause structural damage or increase cancer risk, but it significantly impacts quality of life and deserves proper treatment.
There is no cure, but symptoms can be effectively managed with diet, lifestyle changes, and medication in most patients.
Stress does not cause IBS but is a major trigger. IBS is a gut-brain disorder where psychological and gut factors interact.
This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.