Osteoporosis is a bone disease where decreased bone density and quality increase the risk of fractures. Often called the 'silent disease' because bone loss occurs without symptoms until a fracture.
Osteoporosis affects approximately 200 million people worldwide. It causes over 8.9 million fractures annually — one osteoporotic fracture occurs every 3 seconds globally.
Bone mass peaks around age 30, then gradually declines. In women, bone loss accelerates dramatically after menopause due to oestrogen decline. By age 80, women may have lost 30-50% of bone density.
Hip fractures are the most devastating consequence, with 20% mortality within one year and 50% loss of independence.
People with Osteoporosis often experience the following symptoms.
Fractures occurring from minimal trauma — falls from standing height or less. Common sites: hip, spine, wrist.
Spinal vertebrae collapse, causing back pain, height loss, and the characteristic kyphotic (hunched) posture.
Loss of more than 4cm from peak height suggests vertebral fractures.
Chronic back pain from vertebral fractures or postural changes.
Certain factors may increase your likelihood of developing Osteoporosis.
Common approaches to managing osteoporosis. Always consult a healthcare provider for personalized treatment.
First-line treatment: alendronate, risedronate, zoledronic acid reduce fracture risk by 40-70%.
Monoclonal antibody inhibiting osteoclast activity, given as 6-monthly injection.
Teriparatide and romosozumab actively build new bone, used for severe osteoporosis.
Foundation of treatment: 1000-1200mg calcium and 800-2000 IU vitamin D daily.
DEXA scan measuring bone mineral density at hip and spine. T-score at or below -2.5 confirms osteoporosis. FRAX tool calculates 10-year fracture probability.
See a doctor if you experience unexplained back pain, loss of height, or fracture from minor impact. Get screened at age 65 (women) or 70 (men), or earlier with risk factors.
Steps that may help reduce the risk of developing or worsening osteoporosis.
Weight-bearing and resistance exercise
Adequate calcium and vitamin D
Avoid smoking and excess alcohol
Fall prevention strategies
If left untreated or poorly managed, osteoporosis may lead to:
Bone density can be improved with treatment, though returning to normal is difficult. Prevention and early treatment are key.
DEXA screening at 65 for women, 70 for men. Earlier with risk factors. Repeat every 1-2 years during treatment.
Yes. Weight-bearing exercise (walking, dancing) and resistance training stimulate bone formation and improve balance.
This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.