Also known as: Willis-Ekbom Disease (Restless Legs Syndrome)
Restless legs syndrome is a neurological condition causing an irresistible urge to move the legs, usually accompanied by uncomfortable sensations. Symptoms are worst at rest and in the evening.
RLS affects approximately 5-10% of adults, with women affected more than men. It is one of the most common sleep-disruptive conditions.
The pathophysiology involves dopaminergic dysfunction and often iron deficiency — even when serum ferritin is in the 'normal' range, levels below 75 ng/mL may contribute to RLS.
Treatment starts with iron repletion if ferritin is low. Dopaminergic medications are effective but carry risk of augmentation (paradoxical worsening with long-term use). Alpha-2-delta ligands (gabapentin, pregabalin) are now preferred first-line.
People with Restless Legs Syndrome often experience the following symptoms.
A compelling need to move the legs that is partially or totally relieved by movement.
Described as crawling, creeping, pulling, itching, or electric feelings deep within the legs.
Symptoms are worse in the evening and at night, often most severe at bedtime.
Difficulty falling asleep and maintaining sleep, leading to daytime fatigue and impaired functioning.
Certain factors may increase your likelihood of developing Restless Legs Syndrome.
Common approaches to managing restless legs syndrome. Always consult a healthcare provider for personalized treatment.
Oral or IV iron if ferritin is below 75 ng/mL. Often dramatically improves symptoms.
Gabapentin enacarbil or pregabalin are now recommended as first-line medication, avoiding augmentation risk.
Pramipexole and ropinirole are effective but carry risk of augmentation with long-term use. Use at lowest effective dose.
Regular exercise, good sleep hygiene, avoiding caffeine and alcohol, and warm baths before bed.
Clinical diagnosis based on 5 essential criteria: urge to move legs with uncomfortable sensations, worse at rest, relieved by movement, worse in evening, and not solely explained by another condition. Serum ferritin should always be checked.
See a doctor if RLS symptoms disrupt sleep, affect daytime functioning, or do not respond to lifestyle measures. Check iron levels if symptoms develop.
Steps that may help reduce the risk of developing or worsening restless legs syndrome.
Maintain adequate iron levels
Regular moderate exercise
Good sleep hygiene
Avoid caffeine and alcohol
If left untreated or poorly managed, restless legs syndrome may lead to:
Yes. Low iron is the most common treatable cause. Many experts recommend checking ferritin and supplementing if below 75 ng/mL.
While not life-threatening, RLS significantly impairs sleep and quality of life. It deserves proper medical attention.
RLS associated with iron deficiency or pregnancy may resolve. Primary RLS is typically chronic but manageable with treatment.
This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.